Open subtitles are always shown whenever the video is played because they are part of it. Third, subtitles need to be displayed to the audience. In either case, a wide variety of technical approaches and formats are used to encode the subtitles. On the other hand, closed subtitles are stored separately, allowing subtitles in different languages to be used without changing the video itself. Open subtitles are added directly to recorded video frames and thus cannot be removed once added. Second, subtitles need to be distributed to the audience. Regardless of who does the writing, they must include information on when each line of text should be displayed. Subtitles written by fans, rather than more official sources, are referred to as fansubs. However, for media produced in real-time, like live television, it may be done by stenographers or using automated speech recognition.

When there is plenty of time to prepare, this process can be done by hand. First, the text of the subtitles needs to be written. Lastly, subtitles are sometimes used for humor, as in Annie Hall, where subtitles show the characters' inner thoughts, which contradict what they were saying in the audio.Ĭreating, delivering, and displaying subtitles is a complicated and multi-step endeavor. For example, a subtitle could be used to explain to an audience unfamiliar with sake that it is a type of Japanese wine. Localizing subtitles provide cultural context to viewers. Subtitles may also add information that is not present in the audio. Captions are thus especially helpful to people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. Although naming conventions can vary, captions are subtitles that include written descriptions of other elements of the audio like music or sound effects. Subtitles might provide a transcription or translation of spoken dialogue. Subtitles are text representing the contents of the audio in a film, television show, opera or other audiovisual media. Quotation dashes are used to differentiate speakers. Part of a series onįilm with subtitles in English. For other uses, see Subtitle (disambiguation). For use in print media, see Subtitle (titling).

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